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안드로이드 Open GL ES 2 예제, Per-Vertex Lighting

안드로이드 OpenGL ES 2에서 쉐이더 언어를 사용하여 라이트를 설정하는 예

원문출처: http://www.learnopengles.com/android-lesson-two-ambient-and-diffuse-lighting/

이 예제를 모바일 기기에서 실행하면 아래의 그림과 같은 결과를 확인할 수 있다.

Activity class

package gl.test1;


import android.app.Activity;

import android.app.ActivityManager;

import android.content.Context;

import android.content.pm.ConfigurationInfo;

import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;

import android.os.Bundle;


public class OpenGLESLightActivity extends Activity 

{

private GLSurfaceView mGLSurfaceView;

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 

{

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

mGLSurfaceView = new GLSurfaceView(this);


// Check if the system supports OpenGL ES 2.0.

final ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager) getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);

final ConfigurationInfo configurationInfo = activityManager.getDeviceConfigurationInfo();

final boolean supportsEs2 = configurationInfo.reqGlEsVersion >= 0x20000;


if (supportsEs2) 

{

// Request an OpenGL ES 2.0 compatible context.

mGLSurfaceView.setEGLContextClientVersion(2);


// Set the renderer to our demo renderer, defined below.

mGLSurfaceView.setRenderer(new LessonTwoRenderer());

else 

{

// This is where you could create an OpenGL ES 1.x compatible

// renderer if you wanted to support both ES 1 and ES 2.

return;

}

setContentView(mGLSurfaceView);

}


@Override

protected void onResume() 

{

// The activity must call the GL surface view's onResume() on activity onResume().

super.onResume();

mGLSurfaceView.onResume();

}


@Override

protected void onPause() 

{

// The activity must call the GL surface view's onPause() on activity onPause().

super.onPause();

mGLSurfaceView.onPause();

}

}


Renderer class

package gl.test1;


import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

import java.nio.ByteOrder;

import java.nio.FloatBuffer;


import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;

import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;


import android.opengl.GLES20;

import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;

import android.opengl.Matrix;

import android.os.SystemClock;

import android.util.Log;


/**

 * This class implements our custom renderer. Note that the GL10 parameter passed in is unused for OpenGL ES 2.0

 * renderers -- the static class GLES20 is used instead.

 */

public class LessonTwoRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer 

{

/** Used for debug logs. */

private static final String TAG = "LessonTwoRenderer";

/**

 * Store the model matrix. This matrix is used to move models from object space (where each model can be thought

 * of being located at the center of the universe) to world space.

 */

private float[] mModelMatrix = new float[16];


/**

 * Store the view matrix. This can be thought of as our camera. This matrix transforms world space to eye space;

 * it positions things relative to our eye.

 */

private float[] mViewMatrix = new float[16];


/** Store the projection matrix. This is used to project the scene onto a 2D viewport. */

private float[] mProjectionMatrix = new float[16];

/** Allocate storage for the final combined matrix. This will be passed into the shader program. */

private float[] mMVPMatrix = new float[16];

/** 

 * Stores a copy of the model matrix specifically for the light position.

 */

private float[] mLightModelMatrix = new float[16];

/** Store our model data in a float buffer. */

private final FloatBuffer mCubePositions;

private final FloatBuffer mCubeColors;

private final FloatBuffer mCubeNormals;

/** This will be used to pass in the transformation matrix. */

private int mMVPMatrixHandle;

/** This will be used to pass in the modelview matrix. */

private int mMVMatrixHandle;

/** This will be used to pass in the light position. */

private int mLightPosHandle;

/** This will be used to pass in model position information. */

private int mPositionHandle;

/** This will be used to pass in model color information. */

private int mColorHandle;

/** This will be used to pass in model normal information. */

private int mNormalHandle;


/** How many bytes per float. */

private final int mBytesPerFloat = 4;

/** Size of the position data in elements. */

private final int mPositionDataSize = 3;

/** Size of the color data in elements. */

private final int mColorDataSize = 4;

/** Size of the normal data in elements. */

private final int mNormalDataSize = 3;

/** Used to hold a light centered on the origin in model space. We need a 4th coordinate so we can get translations to work when

 *  we multiply this by our transformation matrices. */

private final float[] mLightPosInModelSpace = new float[] {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};

/** Used to hold the current position of the light in world space (after transformation via model matrix). */

private final float[] mLightPosInWorldSpace = new float[4];

/** Used to hold the transformed position of the light in eye space (after transformation via modelview matrix) */

private final float[] mLightPosInEyeSpace = new float[4];

/** This is a handle to our per-vertex cube shading program. */

private int mPerVertexProgramHandle;

/** This is a handle to our light point program. */

private int mPointProgramHandle;

/**

 * Initialize the model data.

 */

public LessonTwoRenderer()

{

// Define points for a cube.

// X, Y, Z

final float[] cubePositionData =

{

// In OpenGL counter-clockwise winding is default. This means that when we look at a triangle, 

// if the points are counter-clockwise we are looking at the "front". If not we are looking at

// the back. OpenGL has an optimization where all back-facing triangles are culled, since they

// usually represent the backside of an object and aren't visible anyways.

// Front face

-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 

-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 

1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

// Right face

1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,

1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,

1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,

// Back face

1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,

1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,

-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,

1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,

-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,

-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,

// Left face

-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,

-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,

-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 

-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,

-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 

-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 

// Top face

-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,

-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 

1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 

-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 

1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 

1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,

// Bottom face

1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,

1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 

-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,

1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 

-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,

-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,

};

// R, G, B, A

final float[] cubeColorData =

{

// Front face (red)

1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

// Right face (green)

0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

// Back face (blue)

0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

// Left face (yellow)

1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

// Top face (cyan)

0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

// Bottom face (magenta)

1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f

};

// X, Y, Z

// The normal is used in light calculations and is a vector which points

// orthogonal to the plane of the surface. For a cube model, the normals

// should be orthogonal to the points of each face.

final float[] cubeNormalData =

{

// Front face

0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

// Right face 

1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

// Back face 

0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,

// Left face 

-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

// Top face 

0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

// Bottom face 

0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f

};

// Initialize the buffers.

mCubePositions = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(cubePositionData.length * mBytesPerFloat)

        .order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).asFloatBuffer();

mCubePositions.put(cubePositionData).position(0);

mCubeColors = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(cubeColorData.length * mBytesPerFloat)

        .order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).asFloatBuffer();

mCubeColors.put(cubeColorData).position(0);

mCubeNormals = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(cubeNormalData.length * mBytesPerFloat)

        .order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).asFloatBuffer();

mCubeNormals.put(cubeNormalData).position(0);

}

protected String getVertexShader()

{

// TODO: Explain why we normalize the vectors, explain some of the vector math behind it all. Explain what is eye space.

final String vertexShader =

"uniform mat4 u_MVPMatrix;      \n"    // A constant representing the combined model/view/projection matrix.

  + "uniform mat4 u_MVMatrix;       \n"    // A constant representing the combined model/view matrix.

  + "uniform vec3 u_LightPos;       \n"    // The position of the light in eye space.

  + "attribute vec4 a_Position;     \n" // Per-vertex position information we will pass in.

  + "attribute vec4 a_Color;        \n" // Per-vertex color information we will pass in.

  + "attribute vec3 a_Normal;       \n" // Per-vertex normal information we will pass in.

  

  + "varying vec4 v_Color;          \n" // This will be passed into the fragment shader.

  

  + "void main()                    \n"  // The entry point for our vertex shader.

  + "{                              \n"

// Transform the vertex into eye space.

  + "   vec3 modelViewVertex = vec3(u_MVMatrix * a_Position);              \n"

// Transform the normal's orientation into eye space.

  + "   vec3 modelViewNormal = vec3(u_MVMatrix * vec4(a_Normal, 0.0));     \n"

// Will be used for attenuation.

  + "   float distance = length(u_LightPos - modelViewVertex);             \n"

// Get a lighting direction vector from the light to the vertex.

  + "   vec3 lightVector = normalize(u_LightPos - modelViewVertex);        \n"

// Calculate the dot product of the light vector and vertex normal. If the normal and light vector are

// pointing in the same direction then it will get max illumination.

  + "   float diffuse = max(dot(modelViewNormal, lightVector), 0.1);       \n"          

// Attenuate the light based on distance.

  + "   diffuse = diffuse * (1.0 / (1.0 + (0.25 * distance * distance)));  \n"

// Multiply the color by the illumination level. It will be interpolated across the triangle.

  + "   v_Color = a_Color * diffuse;                                       \n"   

// gl_Position is a special variable used to store the final position.

// Multiply the vertex by the matrix to get the final point in normalized screen coordinates.

  + "   gl_Position = u_MVPMatrix * a_Position;                            \n"     

  + "}                                                                     \n"; 

return vertexShader;

}

protected String getFragmentShader()

{

final String fragmentShader =

"precision mediump float;       \n" // Set the default precision to medium. We don't need as high of a 

// precision in the fragment shader.

  + "varying vec4 v_Color;          \n" // This is the color from the vertex shader interpolated across the 

   // triangle per fragment.   

  + "void main()                    \n"         // The entry point for our fragment shader.

  + "{                              \n"

  + "   gl_FragColor = v_Color;     \n" // Pass the color directly through the pipeline.   

  + "}                              \n";

return fragmentShader;

}

@Override

public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 glUnused, EGLConfig config) 

{

// Set the background clear color to black.

GLES20.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

// Use culling to remove back faces.

GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_CULL_FACE);

// Enable depth testing

GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_DEPTH_TEST);

// Position the eye in front of the origin.

final float eyeX = 0.0f;

final float eyeY = 0.0f;

final float eyeZ = -0.5f;


// We are looking toward the distance

final float lookX = 0.0f;

final float lookY = 0.0f;

final float lookZ = -5.0f;


// Set our up vector. This is where our head would be pointing were we holding the camera.

final float upX = 0.0f;

final float upY = 1.0f;

final float upZ = 0.0f;


// Set the view matrix. This matrix can be said to represent the camera position.

// NOTE: In OpenGL 1, a ModelView matrix is used, which is a combination of a model and

// view matrix. In OpenGL 2, we can keep track of these matrices separately if we choose.

Matrix.setLookAtM(mViewMatrix, 0, eyeX, eyeY, eyeZ, lookX, lookY, lookZ, upX, upY, upZ);


final String vertexShader = getVertexShader();   

  final String fragmentShader = getFragmentShader();

final int vertexShaderHandle = compileShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShader);

final int fragmentShaderHandle = compileShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShader);

mPerVertexProgramHandle = createAndLinkProgram(vertexShaderHandle, fragmentShaderHandle, 

new String[] {"a_Position",  "a_Color", "a_Normal"});                                         

        

        // Define a simple shader program for our point.

        final String pointVertexShader =

         "uniform mat4 u_MVPMatrix;      \n"

          + "attribute vec4 a_Position;     \n"

          + "void main()                    \n"

          + "{                              \n"

          + "   gl_Position = u_MVPMatrix   \n"

          + "               * a_Position;   \n"

          + "   gl_PointSize = 5.0;         \n"

          + "}                              \n";

        

        final String pointFragmentShader 

         "precision mediump float;       \n"           

          + "void main()                    \n"

          + "{                              \n"

          + "   gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0,    \n" 

          + "   1.0, 1.0, 1.0);             \n"

          + "}                              \n";

        

        final int pointVertexShaderHandle = compileShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, pointVertexShader);

        final int pointFragmentShaderHandle = compileShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, pointFragmentShader);

        mPointProgramHandle = createAndLinkProgram(pointVertexShaderHandle, pointFragmentShaderHandle, 

         new String[] {"a_Position"});                 

}

@Override

public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 glUnused, int width, int height) 

{

// Set the OpenGL viewport to the same size as the surface.

GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);


// Create a new perspective projection matrix. The height will stay the same

// while the width will vary as per aspect ratio.

final float ratio = (float) width / height;

final float left = -ratio;

final float right = ratio;

final float bottom = -1.0f;

final float top = 1.0f;

final float near = 1.0f;

final float far = 10.0f;

Matrix.frustumM(mProjectionMatrix, 0, left, right, bottom, top, near, far);

}


@Override

public void onDrawFrame(GL10 glUnused) 

{

GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);         

                

        // Do a complete rotation every 10 seconds.

        long time = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() % 10000L;        

        float angleInDegrees = (360.0f / 10000.0f) * ((int) time);                

        

        // Set our per-vertex lighting program.

        GLES20.glUseProgram(mPerVertexProgramHandle);

        

        // Set program handles for cube drawing.

        mMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mPerVertexProgramHandle, "u_MVPMatrix");

        mMVMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mPerVertexProgramHandle, "u_MVMatrix"); 

        mLightPosHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mPerVertexProgramHandle, "u_LightPos");

        mPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mPerVertexProgramHandle, "a_Position");

        mColorHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mPerVertexProgramHandle, "a_Color");

        mNormalHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mPerVertexProgramHandle, "a_Normal"); 

        

        // Calculate position of the light. Rotate and then push into the distance.

        Matrix.setIdentityM(mLightModelMatrix, 0);

        Matrix.translateM(mLightModelMatrix, 0, 0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f);      

        Matrix.rotateM(mLightModelMatrix, 0, angleInDegrees, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

        Matrix.translateM(mLightModelMatrix, 0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f);

               

        Matrix.multiplyMV(mLightPosInWorldSpace, 0, mLightModelMatrix, 0, mLightPosInModelSpace, 0);

        Matrix.multiplyMV(mLightPosInEyeSpace, 0, mViewMatrix, 0, mLightPosInWorldSpace, 0);                        

        

        // Draw some cubes.        

        Matrix.setIdentityM(mModelMatrix, 0);

        Matrix.translateM(mModelMatrix, 0, 4.0f, 0.0f, -7.0f);

        Matrix.rotateM(mModelMatrix, 0, angleInDegrees, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);        

        drawCube();

                        

        Matrix.setIdentityM(mModelMatrix, 0);

        Matrix.translateM(mModelMatrix, 0, -4.0f, 0.0f, -7.0f);

        Matrix.rotateM(mModelMatrix, 0, angleInDegrees, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);        

        drawCube();

        

        Matrix.setIdentityM(mModelMatrix, 0);

        Matrix.translateM(mModelMatrix, 0, 0.0f, 4.0f, -7.0f);

        Matrix.rotateM(mModelMatrix, 0, angleInDegrees, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);        

        drawCube();

        

        Matrix.setIdentityM(mModelMatrix, 0);

        Matrix.translateM(mModelMatrix, 0, 0.0f, -4.0f, -7.0f);

        drawCube();

        

        Matrix.setIdentityM(mModelMatrix, 0);

        Matrix.translateM(mModelMatrix, 0, 0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f);

        Matrix.rotateM(mModelMatrix, 0, angleInDegrees, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);        

        drawCube();      

        

        // Draw a point to indicate the light.

        GLES20.glUseProgram(mPointProgramHandle);        

        drawLight();

}

/**

 * Draws a cube.

 */

private void drawCube()

{

// Pass in the position information

mCubePositions.position(0);

        GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mPositionHandle, mPositionDataSize, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, mCubePositions);        

                

        GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);        

        

        // Pass in the color information

        mCubeColors.position(0);

        GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mColorHandle, mColorDataSize, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false,

         0, mCubeColors);        

        

        GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mColorHandle);

        

        // Pass in the normal information

        mCubeNormals.position(0);

        GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mNormalHandle, mNormalDataSize, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 

         0, mCubeNormals);

        

        GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mNormalHandle);

        

// This multiplies the view matrix by the model matrix, and stores the result in the MVP matrix

        // (which currently contains model * view).

        Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mViewMatrix, 0, mModelMatrix, 0);   

        

        // Pass in the modelview matrix.

        GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mMVMatrixHandle, 1, false, mMVPMatrix, 0);                

        

        // This multiplies the modelview matrix by the projection matrix, and stores the result in the MVP matrix

        // (which now contains model * view * projection).

        Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mProjectionMatrix, 0, mMVPMatrix, 0);


        // Pass in the combined matrix.

        GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, mMVPMatrix, 0);

        

        // Pass in the light position in eye space.        

        GLES20.glUniform3f(mLightPosHandle, mLightPosInEyeSpace[0], mLightPosInEyeSpace[1], mLightPosInEyeSpace[2]);

        

        // Draw the cube.

        GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);                               

}

/**

 * Draws a point representing the position of the light.

 */

private void drawLight()

{

final int pointMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mPointProgramHandle, "u_MVPMatrix");

        final int pointPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mPointProgramHandle, "a_Position");

        

// Pass in the position.

GLES20.glVertexAttrib3f(pointPositionHandle, mLightPosInModelSpace[0], mLightPosInModelSpace[1], mLightPosInModelSpace[2]);


// Since we are not using a buffer object, disable vertex arrays for this attribute.

        GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(pointPositionHandle);  

// Pass in the transformation matrix.

Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mViewMatrix, 0, mLightModelMatrix, 0);

Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mProjectionMatrix, 0, mMVPMatrix, 0);

GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(pointMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, mMVPMatrix, 0);

// Draw the point.

GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_POINTS, 0, 1);

}

/** 

 * Helper function to compile a shader.

 * @param shaderType The shader type.

 * @param shaderSource The shader source code.

 * @return An OpenGL handle to the shader.

 */

private int compileShader(final int shaderType, final String shaderSource) 

{

int shaderHandle = GLES20.glCreateShader(shaderType);

if (shaderHandle != 0) 

{

// Pass in the shader source.

GLES20.glShaderSource(shaderHandle, shaderSource);


// Compile the shader.

GLES20.glCompileShader(shaderHandle);


// Get the compilation status.

final int[] compileStatus = new int[1];

GLES20.glGetShaderiv(shaderHandle, GLES20.GL_COMPILE_STATUS, compileStatus, 0);


// If the compilation failed, delete the shader.

if (compileStatus[0] == 0) 

{

Log.e(TAG, "Error compiling shader: " + GLES20.glGetShaderInfoLog(shaderHandle));

GLES20.glDeleteShader(shaderHandle);

shaderHandle = 0;

}

}

if (shaderHandle == 0)

{

throw new RuntimeException("Error creating shader.");

}

return shaderHandle;

}

/**

 * Helper function to compile and link a program.

 * @param vertexShaderHandle An OpenGL handle to an already-compiled vertex shader.

 * @param fragmentShaderHandle An OpenGL handle to an already-compiled fragment shader.

 * @param attributes Attributes that need to be bound to the program.

 * @return An OpenGL handle to the program.

 */

private int createAndLinkProgram(final int vertexShaderHandle, final int fragmentShaderHandle, final String[] attributes) 

{

int programHandle = GLES20.glCreateProgram();

if (programHandle != 0) 

{

// Bind the vertex shader to the program.

GLES20.glAttachShader(programHandle, vertexShaderHandle);


// Bind the fragment shader to the program.

GLES20.glAttachShader(programHandle, fragmentShaderHandle);

// Bind attributes

if (attributes != null)

{

final int size = attributes.length;

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)

{

GLES20.glBindAttribLocation(programHandle, i, attributes[i]);

}

}

// Link the two shaders together into a program.

GLES20.glLinkProgram(programHandle);


// Get the link status.

final int[] linkStatus = new int[1];

GLES20.glGetProgramiv(programHandle, GLES20.GL_LINK_STATUS, linkStatus, 0);


// If the link failed, delete the program.

if (linkStatus[0] == 0) 

{

Log.e(TAG, "Error compiling program: " + GLES20.glGetProgramInfoLog(programHandle));

GLES20.glDeleteProgram(programHandle);

programHandle = 0;

}

}

if (programHandle == 0)

{

throw new RuntimeException("Error creating program.");

}

return programHandle;

}

}